How poor oral health puts your overall health at risk

The health of your teeth and gums affects more than just your smile. Research has established important connections between poor oral health and overall health. And some medical conditions can also affect the health of your mouth. 

Both of these things are true according to Dr. Drew Gripentrog, a dentist with Advocate Health Care.

“Your mouth is connected to the rest of your body, and the health of your teeth and gums can influence overall wellness,” says Dr. Gripentrog. “When gum disease is present, bacteria and inflammation can extend beyond your mouth. Researchers have identified associations between periodontal disease and several systemic health conditions, particularly those involving chronic inflammation.” 

Because dry mouth is a side effect of some medications, they too can elevate your risk of tooth decay and gum disease: Saliva plays an important role in protecting oral health by helping wash away food particles, neutralize acids and maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the mouth.

Researchers have linked periodontal disease and a number of health conditions, including: 

• Cardiovascular disease
• Stroke
• Respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Diabetes
• Chronic kidney disease

Additional studies have explored potential ties between periodontal disease and conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, erectile dysfunction, infertility and complications from COVID. 

Risk factors for dental disease 

The relationship between oral health and overall health can work both ways. Certain medical conditions and lifestyle factors may increase the risk of developing dental disease, including:

• Osteoporosis
• HIV/AIDS
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Smoking and tobacco use
• Eating disorders 

Dr. Gripentrog notes that several health conditions can both affect oral health and be affected by oral health: 

• Cancer: Research shows associations between periodontal disease and certain cancers. Cancer treatments can also affect oral tissues and increase the risk of oral health complications. 
• Diabetes: Diabetes and periodontal disease have a well-established, two-way relationship. Poorly controlled diabetes can increase the risk of gum disease, while severe gum disease may make blood sugar management more difficult. 
• Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase your chance of gingivitis and other oral health concerns. Periodontal disease may also be associated with an increased risk of some adverse pregnancy outcomes. 
• Kidney disease: Chronic inflammation caused by periodontal disease has been linked to poorer kidney health outcomes, while individuals with kidney disease may face a higher risk of oral health problems. 

“Good oral health is about much more than maintaining a healthy smile,” Dr. Gripentrog says. “Regular dental visits, daily brushing and flossing, and early treatment of dental problems can help protect your oral health and support your overall well-being.” 

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