Dry skin vs. eczema: Why it’s important to know the difference

If your skin is feeling extra dry as the weather gets colder, you’re not alone. But did you know that what seems like ordinary dry skin could actually be eczema? 

Eczema is a common skin condition that causes itchiness, burning and dryness. It often presents in the first five years of someone’s life and is genetic. Meanwhile, dry skin occurs when your skin loses too much water and oil.  

“Dry skin is a broad term,” explains Sarah Kaldem, a dermatology nurse practitioner with Aurora Health Care. “While it can sometimes indicate eczema, that’s not always the case. Both conditions share similar symptoms, which can make distinguishing between them challenging.” 

Eczema symptoms and treatment options 

Eczema, also known as dermatitis, is a type of skin swelling. While the exact cause of eczema is unknown, it’s thought to be caused by genetic and environmental factors. Some symptoms include:

• Itchy and flaky skin 
• Dry, sensitive skin 
• Red, purple or pink inflamed skin 
• Severe itchiness 
• Dark, leathery or rough patches of skin 

Treatment for eczema typically includes steroidal or non-steroidal topical medications, antibiotics and antihistamines to relieve itching. There are also injections available to control eczema and associated itchiness.  

Eczema versus dry skin 

The difference between eczema and dry skin can be slight, but there are things that differentiate the two. For example, it’s common to occasionally have dry skin, especially when it gets colder. Dry skin can also be the result of not using a daily moisturizer or from using certain soaps and detergents.  

“The key difference between dry skin and eczema is inflammation,” says Kaldem. “Eczema is characterized by flare ups, while dry skin is simply a lack of moisture. Dry skin can often be managed with a consistent skin care routine, but eczema typically requires medical treatment.” 

What to do if you have eczema 

If you notice signs of eczema, it’s best to reach out to a health care provider. “Getting care early can prevent complications like infections, which often happen when scratching causes breaks in the skin,” Kaldem explains. 

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