Why carbon monoxide poisoning is more common in the winter

Every year, more than 100,000 Americans head to an emergency room for carbon monoxide poisoning, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In the U.S., carbon monoxide intoxication, both fire or non-fire-related, is the leading cause of death from unintentional poisoning. The danger is especially prevalent in the winter.

The colorless, odorless gas – often referred to as the “silent killer” – is a byproduct of burning hydrocarbon fuels, including wood and charcoal, and inhibits the body’s ability to properly use oxygen. 

“This leads to cell damage throughout the body, and if not promptly diagnosed and treated, can cause serious injury to the brain and heart, and in severe cases, can cause death,” explains Dr. Anna Kiernicki-Sklar, an emergency medicine physician at Advocate Health Care. 

Carbon monoxide sources 

Dr. Sklar says many sources of carbon monoxide are commonly encountered in the winter, including: 

• Poorly functioning or poorly ventilated heating systems, gas stoves and fireplaces 
• Indoor use of fuel-burning heating devices (kerosene, propane, charcoal or wood-burning). These devices also increase the risk of fire. 
• Smoke inhalation from fires in enclosed spaces 
• Motor vehicles or gas-powered snowblowers operating in poorly ventilated areas (garages, ice rinks or warehouses)
• Motor vehicles running with exhaust pipes blocked by ice or snow
• Home dryer vents, fireplace vents, furnace vents, or other similar vent openings blocked by snow and ice 

Signs of carbon monoxide poisoning

The most common early sign of carbon monoxide poisoning is a headache, which can progress to nausea, vomiting, dizziness, chest pain and confusion. If left untreated, symptoms can progress to coma and death.

Individuals who are asleep or under the influence of sedating drugs or alcohol can die from carbon monoxide poisoning before waking and experiencing symptoms, which can progress rapidly if the level of carbon monoxide is high. Pregnant women are especially at risk because the fetus is highly susceptible to the detrimental effects of carbon monoxide. Severe toxicity can cause pregnancy loss.  

How to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning

“Prevention is key. Carbon monoxide detectors should be installed in every room where people may sleep,” Dr. Sklar advises. “Check detectors regularly to ensure proper function and battery life. Avoid using fuel-burning devices indoors. Frequently check building venting and exhaust systems to ensure proper function, and clear away snow and ice from external vent openings.” 

If a carbon monoxide detector goes off, immediately remove all people and pets from the building and call 911. Do not reenter the space until it is cleared for reentry by fire department officials.  

“If you experience any of the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning, immediately seek fresh outdoor air and get immediate medical attention,” urges Dr. Sklar. “It’s imperative to vacate any space that may contain carbon monoxide and receive immediate emergency treatment, which includes the administration of high concentration oxygen.” 

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