The hidden health clues in your urine

A urine test may seem simple, but it can reveal a lot about your health. The test, called a urinalysis, gives your care team a quick snapshot of how your body is working and can help spot concerns early, sometimes before you notice symptoms.

“Urine testing gives us helpful clues about what is happening in your body,” says Dr. Alec Baca, a family medicine physician at Aurora Health Care. “It’s a quick, noninvasive test that helps guide next steps in your care.”

What your urine can show

Your urine reflects how well your kidneys and several other systems are functioning. A urinalysis can show:

• Hydration: Dark urine may mean you need more fluids
• Urinary tract infection: Bacteria or white blood cells can point to an infection
• Kidney health: Protein or blood may signal kidney problems
• Diabetes: Glucose or ketones can be a sign of blood sugar issues
• Liver health: Certain markers can suggest liver concerns

Dr. Baca notes that results are reviewed together, not in isolation. One abnormal finding does not always mean there’s a serious issue.

When you might need a urine test

Your health care provider may order a urinalysis if you have symptoms such as:

• Burning or pain with urination
• Frequent urges to use the bathroom
• Cloudy, bloody or strong-smelling urine

Urine tests are also used to monitor ongoing conditions, check how medicines are working or to support care during pregnancy.

What your urinalysis results mean

“An abnormal result does not always mean something serious,” says Dr. Baca.

Hydration, recent exercise and some medicines can affect test results. Your health care provider will look at your symptoms, health history and other test results before deciding what comes next.

“If something looks off, we look at the full picture, not just one number,” Dr. Baca adds.

If you are experiencing symptoms, talk with your primary care provider about whether a urine test is right for you.

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