Why early menopause could increase your heart attack risk

Experiencing menopause before age 40 may increase a woman’s risk of having a heart attack later in life.

That’s according to research published in JAMA Cardiology, which tracked the long-term health of more than 10,000 women in the U.S. over several decades. The study found that women who entered menopause before age 40 had a 40% higher lifetime risk of coronary heart disease compared to those who reached menopause later.

Why might early menopause affect heart health?

Menopause brings a range of changes to the body, many of which can impact the heart. About 10% of women experience menopause before age 45 and as a result may face added risks beyond the natural aging process.

“Hormonal shifts during menopause, especially lower estrogen levels, can affect cholesterol, blood sugar and blood pressure,” says Dr. Gaile Sabaliauskas, a cardiologist at Advocate Health Care. “Common symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats have been linked to higher blood pressure and difficulty processing sugar, both of which can strain the heart. Sleep problems and depression, which are also more common during menopause, are associated with calcium buildup in the arteries, a sign of heart disease.”

Research has also shown that certain conditions such as weight gain, high blood pressure and prediabetes become more common during menopause. These risks appear to be even greater for women who experience menopause earlier than usual.

One large study found that women with premature menopause had a 44% higher long-term risk of cardiovascular disease, including stroke.

Can you lower your risk?

“The good news is that some of this risk may be reduced with timely treatment. For some women, starting hormone therapy around the onset of menopause may help lower future heart attack risk. This is why it’s important to have an open conversation with a health care provider about available options,” Dr. Sabaliauskas says.

Protecting your heart health at every age matters but especially for women approaching menopause. Paying attention to heart‑healthy habits such as managing cholesterol, blood pressure, weight and blood sugar can make a meaningful difference.

Want to learn more about your risk for heart disease? Take a free online quiz.